{"id":109,"date":"2024-03-11T22:57:32","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T14:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ultserver.com\/blog\/?p=109"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:23:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:23:55","slug":"cpp%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e6%97%b6%e9%81%87%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84%e6%98%93%e9%94%99%e7%82%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ultserver.com\/blog\/cpp\/cpp%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e6%97%b6%e9%81%87%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84%e6%98%93%e9%94%99%e7%82%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"C++\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6613\u9519\u70b9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

auto \u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

auto \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u671f\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Eigen \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528 auto\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u672c\u535a\u6587<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfb\u5740\u5e76\u5c06\u5bfb\u5740\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u60ac\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C++<\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
std<\/span>::<\/span>shared_ptr<\/span><<\/span>Typre<\/span>> <\/span>func<\/span>();<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\nconst<\/span> Type& tmp = *<\/span>func<\/span>();<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5bfb\u5740\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e3a0\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u60ac\u7a7a\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
size_t \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
size_t \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u5668\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 size_t \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1f\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5426\u5219 size_t \u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inline \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
inline<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5e38\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u786e\u4fdd inline<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u5185\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
inline<\/code> \u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3a\u5411\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u58f0\u660e\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5185\u8054\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u76ee\u524d\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u65ad\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5185\u8054\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e inline<\/code>\uff08\u6a21\u7248\u81ea\u5e26inline\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u58f0\u660e\uff09\u3002\u3010\u53c2\u8003<\/a>\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
c++\u6807\u51c6<\/a>\u768412.6.2\u8282\u768413.3\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Then, non-static data members are initialized in the order they were declared in the class definition (again regardless of the order of the mem-initializers).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u59d4\u6d3e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff08delegating constructor\uff09\uff0c\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\u58f0\u660e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6a21\u677f\u8d85\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u9650\u5236<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9012\u5f52\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u6ce8\u610f\u6a21\u677f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C++<\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
template<\/span><<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>N<\/span>><\/span><\/span>\nint<\/span> <\/span>foo<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (N == <\/span>1<\/span>) <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> N + <\/span>foo<\/span><<\/span>N<\/span>-<\/span>1<\/span>>();<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u60f3\u8981\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u6c42\u89e31\u5230N\u4e4b\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u7684\u62a5\u9519\uff08template instantiation depth exceeds maximum of 900<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316 foo<N-1><\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 C++17<\/code> \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5316\u6a21\u677f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C++<\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
template<\/span><<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>N<\/span>><\/span><\/span>\nint<\/span> <\/span>foo<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> N + <\/span>foo<\/span><<\/span>N<\/span>-<\/span>1<\/span>>();<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/span>\ntemplate<\/span><><\/span><\/span>\nint<\/span> <\/span>foo<\/span><<\/span>1<\/span>>() {<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5728 N = 1<\/code> \u65f6\u7279\u5316\u4e86\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u4e14\u8be5\u7279\u5316\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 N = 1<\/code> \u65f6\u505c\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 C++17<\/code> \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 if constexpr<\/code> \u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u652f\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C++<\/span><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/span>
template<\/span><<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>N<\/span>><\/span><\/span>\nint<\/span> <\/span>foo<\/span>() {<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> <\/span>constexpr<\/span> (N == <\/span>1<\/span>) <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span><\/span>\n    <\/span>else<\/span> <\/span>return<\/span> N + <\/span>foo<\/span><<\/span>N<\/span>-<\/span>1<\/span>>();<\/span><\/span>\n}<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0celse<\/code> \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a if constexpr<\/code> \u53ea\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e if<\/code> \u548c else<\/code> \u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5355\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u7528\u4f5c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u552f\u4e00\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5305\uff08parameter pack\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u975econst\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u4ee5\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u53ea\u80fd\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6307\u7684\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::set \/ std::map \u7684\u63d2\u5165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4e4b\u524d\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4f7f\u7528set<\/code>\u548cmap<\/code>\uff0c\u5148\u4f7f\u7528find\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u5426\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cinsert\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2apair\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u63d2\u5165\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528insert\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u5224\u65ad\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528find\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e76\u4e14\uff0cmap\u7684operator[]\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662fC++\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3001\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9C++\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u672c\u6587<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6a21\u7248\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u6a21\u7248\u6839\u636e\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\uff08\u5168\u7279\u5316\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff09\u6a21\u7248\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6a21\u7248\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u8981\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u6a21\u7248\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u662f\u865a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u57fa\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8f7d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u6a21\u7248\u5168\u7279\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e14\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5165\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4e0eODR\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u65e7\u79f0\u4e3aUniversal Reference\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aForwarding Reference\uff09\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u7248\u624d\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u7c7b\u6a21\u7248\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e07\u80fd\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u754c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86malloc\u7684\u62a5\u9519\uff1amalloc(): unsupported double linked list corrupted<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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